Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter ziinkqubo zesoftware ezinobungozi ezenzelwe ukonakalisa iikhompyuter kunye neenethiwekhi. Zihlala zidalwe ukuba zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye zenze umonakalo kwiinkqubo, ezifana nokucima iifayile ezibalulekileyo kunye nedatha eyonakalisayo. Ngelixa kunokubakho ukuphazamiseka ukwazi ukuba ezi nkqubo zikhohlakeleyo zikhona, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo.
Ngokuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwentsholongwane yekhompyuter, unokuzikhusela wena kunye nekhompyuter yakho kuhlaselo olunokubakho. Ke, isebenza njani intsholongwane yekhompyuter?
Yintoni intsholongwane yekhompyuter?
Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter ziinkqubo zesoftware ezinobungozi ezenzelwe ukonakalisa iikhompyuter kunye neenethiwekhi. Iintsholongwane zinokuchaphazela iikhomputha ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa zonke ziyilelwe ukuba zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye zenze umonakalo kwiinkqubo, ezifana nokucima iifayile ezibalulekileyo kunye nedatha eyonakalisayo. Ngelixa kunokubakho ukuphazamiseka ukwazi ukuba ezi nkqubo zikhohlakeleyo zikhona, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Ngokuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwentsholongwane yekhompyuter, unokuzikhusela wena kunye nekhompyuter yakho kuhlaselo olunokubakho.
Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter zikhona njengekhowudi ephunyezwayo. Banokuziphindaphinda kwaye bosulele iikhompyuter ezininzi ngaphandle kokunxibelelana kwabantu. Oku kwenzeka xa intsholongwane yekhompyuter ikhutshelwa kwikhompyuter ngokuncamathela kwi-imeyile, ngokundwendwela iiwebhusayithi ezinobungozi, okanye kukhutshelwa isoftware ephikisiweyo. Nje ukuba intsholongwane yekhompyutha ikwikhompyuter, inokuchaphazela inkqubo ngeendlela ezininzi. Iintsholongwane zeKhompyutha zinokusasazeka kwiinethiwekhi, zosulela iikhompyuter ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter
Iintsholongwane zeKhompyutha zihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi "malware", imfutshane ye "software enobungozi". I-Malware yiyo nayiphi na inkqubo eyenzelwe ukuchaphazela iikhompyuter okanye abasebenzisi bazo kakubi. Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter zingahlelwa njenge "viruses yecandelo le-boot" okanye "iintsholongwane zefayile". Iintsholongwane zecandelo le-Boot zihlala kwicandelo le-boot ye-hard drive yekhompyutha. Inxalenye yokuqala ifundeka xa ikhompyutha ivuliwe.
Iintsholongwane zecandelo le-Boot zinokusasazeka ukusuka kwenye ikhompyuter ukuya kwenye xa ikhompyuter eyosulelekileyo iqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yekhompyuter. Iintsholongwane zefayile zigcinwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyutha hard drives, kuquka iifolda, amaxwebhu, kunye neenkqubo. Iintsholongwane zefayile zichaphazela iikhompyuter xa zivulwa kwaye zinokugqithiswa phakathi kweekhompyuter xa zabelwana ngazo.
Zisasazeka njani iintsholongwane zekhompyuter
Iintsholongwane zeKhompyutha zinokusasazeka kwiinethiwekhi, zosulela iikhompyuter ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Zisenokugqithiswa phakathi kweekhompyuter xa abantu babelana ngeefayile. Intsholongwane yekhompyutheni inokugqithiswa kwiinethiwekhi xa ikhompyutha ixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kwaye ine-port evulekile. Idilesi ye-IP ichaza iikhompyutha, kwaye inombolo yesazisi ifana nedilesi esetyenziswa ziikhompyutha ukunxibelelana. Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter zinokungena kwikhompyuter xa ziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. Oku kunokwenzeka xa ikhompyutha ikwikhaya okanye inethiwekhi yeshishini kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi. Xa iikhomputha ziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi, zinikwa idilesi eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba yidilesi ye-IP. Intsholongwane yekhompyutheni ingena lula kwikhompyutheni xa i-firewall ingakhuseli idilesi yayo ye-IP.
Iziphumo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter
Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter zenzelwe ukonakalisa iikhompyuter kunye nothungelwano. Banokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kwiikhompyuter kunye nabantu abazisebenzisayo. Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter zinokucima iifayile ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanywa amaxwebhu kunye nemifanekiso. Basenokonakalisa idatha, benze kube nzima okanye kungenzeki ukusebenzisa iikhompyuter. Iintsholongwane zekhompyutha zisenokonakalisa iikhompyutha ngokwazo. Zinokubangela umonakalo kwi-hardware kunye nesofthiwe, kunye nakwiinethiwekhi. Iintsholongwane zekhompyutha zinokuba iinkcukacha ezibuthathaka, ezinje nge-password kunye nolwazi lokungena. Zisenokusetyenziswa ukugqekeza uthungelwano kunye nokufikelela kulwazi olubuthathaka.
Uyibhaqa njani intsholongwane yekhompyuter
Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba ikhompuyutha yakho yosulelwe yinkqubo yekhompyuter eyingozi, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokufumanisa. Iimpawu zosulelo lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter ziquka ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwikhompyuter, okufana nekhompyuter ecothayo kunye nokuphazamiseka rhoqo. Ikhompyuter yakho inokuba shushu ngokungaqhelekanga xa ubamba, kwaye unokuva ingxolo engaqhelekanga. Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba ikhompuyutha yakho yosulelwe yintsholongwane, ungasebenzisa isoftware yeantivirus scan ikhompyuter yakho kwiivayirasi kunye nenye isoftware enobungozi. Isoftware yeAntivirus yenzelwe ukukhusela iikhompyuter kwiintsholongwane. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona isoftware ye-antivirus kwi-intanethi scan ikhompyuter yakho kwiintsholongwane. Ungaqhagamshela kwiwebhusayithi kwaye ulayishe ifayile kwikhompyuter yakho xa usebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus ekwi-intanethi. Iwebhusayithi ke scans ifayile yeentsholongwane kwaye ikwazisa ukuba ifumana nantoni na.
Ungazikhusela njani kwiintsholongwane zekhompyuter
Unokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane zekhompyutha ngokuthatha amanyathelo alula okuzikhusela. Into yokuqala kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyenzile kukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhompuyutha yakho isexesheni ngesoftware yeantivirus. Qinisekisa ukuba isoftwe ye-antivirus oyisebenzisayo ihlala ihlaziywa kwaye ineenkcazo zentsholongwane zakutsha nje.
Qinisekisa ukuba ikhompuyutha yakho inefirewall elungileyo. Iifirewall ziyilelwe ukukhusela iikhompyuter kwiingozi zangaphandle, kubandakanya iintsholongwane. Musa ukucofa amakhonkco okanye kwizincamatheliso ngaphandle kokuba uqinisekile ukuba zikhuselekile. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uvule kuphela amakhonkco kunye nezincamatheliso ozithembileyo.
Uyisusa njani intsholongwane yekhompyuter
Ukuba ikhompyuter yakho yosulelwe yintsholongwane yekhompyuter, kuya kufuneka uthathe inyathelo ukuyisusa kwikhompyuter yakho. Ukuba usebenzisa isoftwe ye-antivirus ukususa intsholongwane kwikhompyuter yakho, kuya kufuneka ugcine isoftwe ye-antivirus isexesheni ukukhusela ikhompyuter yakho kwiingozi zexesha elizayo. Ukuba intsholongwane inenkani ngakumbi, kusenokufuneka uqalise kwakhona ikhompyuter yakho “kwimo ekhuselekileyo”. Imowudi ekhuselekileyo iyilungiselelo elikhethekileyo elikhubaza zonke iinkqubo, kuquka isofthiwe ye-antivirus. Ukuqala kwakhona ikhompyuter yakho kwimo ekhuselekileyo kuya kuqhuba ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezinokuqulatha iintsholongwane. Emva koko unokukhuphela isoftware ye-antivirus kwikhompyuter yakho ukususa intsholongwane.
Izixhobo zokubona kunye nokususa iintsholongwane zekhompyuter
Unokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukubona kunye nokususa iintsholongwane zekhompyuter. Ungasebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus scan kwikhompyuter yakho kwiintsholongwane kwaye uzisuse. Unokusebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus ye-intanethi, ekuvumela ukuba ulayishe ifayile kunye scan ngayo iintsholongwane. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona intsholongwane yekhompyutha scanne ku scan ikhompyuter yakho kwiintsholongwane. Intsholongwane yekhompyutha scaniiner zizixhobo ezenzelwe ukubona iintsholongwane zekhompyutha. Ungasebenzisa intsholongwane yekhompyuter scanne ku scan ikhompyuter yakho kwiintsholongwane kwaye uzisuse xa uzifumene. Intsholongwane yekhompyutha scanIzixhobo zinokuqhutywa kwikhompyuter, kwinethiwekhi yekhompyuter, okanye nakwindawo ekude kwenye ikhompyuter.
Eyona software yokukhusela intsholongwane yekhompyuter
Xa ukhetha isoftware yeantivirus, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba isoftwe oyisebenzisayo isexesheni. Isoftware kufuneka isebenzise ukhuseleko lwexesha lokwenyani, okuthetha ukuba iya kubhaqa kwaye isuse iintsholongwane ezintsha njengoko zikhutshwa. Kubalulekile ukukhetha isoftware yeantivirus ehambelana nenkqubo oyisebenzisayo. Umzekelo, Windows ukusebenzisa iikhompyutha Windows Umkhuseli, ngelixa iikhompyuter zeMac zisebenzisa uKhuseleko lweMacOS.
Isoftware yeAntivirus sisiqalo esihle sokukhusela ikhompyuter yakho kwiintsholongwane. Kodwa, ayikuphela kokhuseleko ofanele ube nalo. Kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba zonke izixhobo zakho zikhuselwe ngesoftware ye-antivirus. Kubalulekile ukukhusela zonke izixhobo ezikwikhaya lakho ngesoftware ye-antivirus. Iikhompyutha, ii-smartphones, iitablet, nezinye izixhobo zinokusetyenziselwa ukusasaza iintsholongwane.
Khusela ikhompyuter yakho kwiintsholongwane ngeMalwarebytes simahla.
Ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lwentsholongwane yekhompyutha
Iintsholongwane zeKhompyutha ziyingozi ngokwenene kwaye zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ukuba azibonwa kwaye zisuswe kwiikhomputha. Iintsholongwane zeKhompyutha zihlala zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezikhohlakeleyo ngabahlaseli kunye nabaphuli be-intanethi. Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter zinokuba ulwazi olubuthathaka, olufana nolwazi lokungena kunye namagama ayimfihlo. Basenokonakalisa idata, batshabalalise iikhompyuter, bade bonakalise iinethiwekhi. Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter zinokuba nzima ukuzibona kwaye uzisuse xa sele zikho ekhompyuter. Oku kwenza ukuba kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kwaye ukhusele ikhompyuter yakho ngesoftware ye-antivirus.