Igciwane lekhompyutha wuhlelo oluncane oluthola ukufinyelela nge-online data traffic noma ngesithwali sedatha (i-USB stick, i-CD-ROM, i-DVD). Imvamisa izama ukusabalala ngokuqhubekayo ngemuva kwalokho kukhompyutha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane abangela ukulimala noma ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwekhompyutha ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Igciwane lekhompyutha wuhlelo noma ucezu lwekhodi olufakwe kwikhompyutha yakho lungamenyiwe. Uma isikhona, ingenza umsebenzi othile. Ngeshwa, lo msebenzi unganakwa ngumnikazi wekhompyutha noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, wehlise lonke uhlelo lokusebenza.
Indlela elula yokuthola ukuthi unegciwane ku-PC ukufaka igciwane scanner kwikhompyutha efana Malwarebytes. Labo abangakwenzanga lokho kuzodingeka bathathe amasiginali acashile. Isibonelo, ikhompyutha eyehlisa ijubane noma iqale ngokungazelelwe ihlala iyisibonakaliso esibi. Amawebhusayithi abukeka ehlukile ayisiginali njengoba izinhlelo ezingadingeki zivela kumenyu yokuqala noma kwenye indawo kwi-hard disk.
Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwamagciwane avamile nezibungu. Igciwane ucezu oluncane lwekhodi futhi ludinga ukuthi lusebenze noma idokhumende lisebenze. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko yilezi:
Igciwane elisebenzisekayo: Uhlobo oludlulile ekuqaleni kwalo. Ngemuva kokuthi ifakiwe kukhompyutha, iyasakazeka ize ilungele ukufeza injongo yayo yangempela.
Igciwane lomkhakha weBoot: Uhlobo olubi futhi oluqhubekayo lwegciwane elihlala kwi-BIOS yekhompyutha yakho, ilinikeze inqubo yenqubo yokuqalisa.
Igciwane le-Macro: Igciwane le-macro likhomba iMicrosoft Office ngoba lisabalala ngokushesha ngemibhalo. Uhlelo lwemeyili lwe-Outlook Express nalo luthinteka kulolu hlobo lwegciwane.
Izikelemu zingasebenza ngokuzimela futhi zizisakaze nge-Intanethi, okungcono ngokuzikopisha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Amahhashi eTrojan: Igciwane elifakwe ohlelweni olungenacala. Amabha okusesha ayinkampani yenethiwekhi oyithandayo.
Ukuqondisa kabusha kwesiphequluli: Ukutheleleka okucasulayo kodwa okuvame ukuba yingozi kancane. Isibungu senza ukuthi ikhasi lakho eliyisiqalo noma injini yokusesha ezenzakalelayo iguqulwe.
I-Malware: Isigaba esikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Iqoqo elinezici eziningi zesoftware enobungozi elizama ukusebenzisa kabi ikhompyutha noma umsebenzisi ngezindlela eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuqoqa imininingwane eyimfihlo.
Igciwane lekhompyutha lingavinjelwa ngokumane lifake igciwane elihle scanizinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umuntu kufanele enze kahle scan wohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba negciwane scanner ivuselelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze izinsongo ezintsha zikwazi ukulwa. Ungalokothi uvule okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili kubathumeli ongabazi mathupha, futhi futhi qaphela ama-imeyili avela ezinkampanini ezaziwayo. La ma-imeyili enkampani avame ukulingiswa. Ukulanda isoftware yamahhala kumawebhusayithi angaziwa kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba ingaqukatha i-malware.
Funda kabanzi, yini i-malware.