Yini i-malware? Imininingwane ephelele mayelana ne-Malware

Yini i-malware?

I-Malware igama elihlangene lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesoftware enobungozi nengafuneki. I-Malware ayifani negciwane. Njengomthetho, i-malware ayisabalali njengegciwane phezu kwenethiwekhi yendawo yekhompyutha noma i-inthanethi.

I-Malware ngokuvamile inenhloso yokudala umonakalo kwikhompyutha yakho. I-Malware iphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwekhompyutha. 

Izinhlobo ze-malware yizibungu zekhompyutha, ama-trojans, i-adware ne-spyware. Lezi zinhlobo ze-malware zenzelwe ukuphatha ukusebenza kwekhompyutha. 

I-Malware ilawula ikhompyutha ngendlela ebhubhisayo kangangokuba ukusebenza njalo kuthikamezeka, futhi umsebenzisi wekhompyutha ufuna isisombululo sokuxazulula inkinga.

  • Izinkinga zekhompyutha ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-malware yilezi;
  • Kungazelelwe ukusebenza kwekhompyutha okuhamba kancane.
  • Izikhangiso ezivelayo ezingafuneki.
  • Thumela noma wamukele ama-imeyili ngokunamathiselwe.
  • Ukufaka isoftware engaziwa.
  • Izaziso zamagciwane eziqhubekayo.
  • Ukuqalisa kabusha ikhompyutha ngokungazelelwe.

Isibungu sekhompyutha

Isibungu sekhompyutha ngokuvamile sisakazeka ngenethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Ngokungafani negciwane, isibungu asitheleli amafayela kepha sihlose ukuthelela amakhompyutha amaningi kunethiwekhi yamakhompyutha yendawo noma kwi-inthanethi.

I-computer worm nayo ingasakazeka ngempumelelo nge-inthanethi. Isibonelo sesibungu sekhompyutha esiphumelelayo yi- Isibungu sekhompyutha seLoveLetter (ILOVEYOU). Isibungu se-LoveLetter sazenza nge-imeyili ukuthi siyincwadi ethi “iloveyou” futhi sasinophawu lohlelo lokuthi Windows I-Visual Basic scripting, iyenza ifane kakhulu nohlamvu futhi yathelela amakhompyutha amaningi ngesikhathi esifushane.

ITrojan

ITrojan yakhelwe ukufinyelela kukhompyutha. Ezimweni eziningi, iTrojan isebenzisa umgomo wehhashi leTrojan. ITrojan ithelela ikhompyutha bese ivula amachweba we-TCP / IP noma we-UDP kukhompyutha enegciwane kumgengeli. 

AmaTrojans anikeza ukufinyelela kwamakhompyutha kubantu abafuna ukubalimaza noma ukuthola amandla okukhipha ukuhlasela okulandelayo. 

I-Adware

I-Adware yenzelwe ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bachofoze kwizikhangiso eziku-inthanethi. Lezi zikhangiso zikhiqiza imali ngonjiniyela we-adware. 

I-adware eyengeziwe futhi ihlose ukuguqula ikhasi lasekhaya, ithebhu entsha, kanye / noma injini yokusesha yesiphequluli sewebhu. Ngale ndlela, abathuthukisi be-adware bazama ukudala ithrafikhi yewebhu yewebhusayithi yabo, yona edala imali. 

Ezimweni eziningi, i-adware ihlanganiswe kanye nesoftware yamahhala ku-inthanethi. Isoftware yamahhala ifakwa yi-a Khokha ngokufaka uhlelo lokufaka.

I-Spyware

I-Spyware yisoftware eyenzelwe ngqo ukufakwa kwikhompyutha ngaphandle komsebenzisi wekhompyutha. I-Spyware, ngokungafani ne-adware, ngeke iziphathe ngokugqamile. 

I-Spyware isetshenziselwa ukweba idatha yomuntu siqu kwikhompyutha yomsebenzisi ngemuva kokufakwa. Cabanga ngemininingwane yokungena ngemvume, izithombe, amadokhumenti, njll. 

Kwezinye izimo, i-spyware nayo ifakiwe ukweba ukusebenza kwe-surfing komsebenzisi iphinde ithengise lolu lwazi kumanethiwekhi wokukhangisa anamandla. Lawa manethiwekhi wezikhangiso asebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuvumelanisa amasu abo okuthengisa kumsebenzisi kangcono. Ispyware ethengisa imininingwane yakho isigaba se-spyware esisendaweni empunga phakathi kwespyware “evamile” ne-adware.

ransomware

Ekugcineni, sineRhlengware. I-Rhlengware ifomu elibi kakhulu le-malware. I-Ransomware ibethela amafayela, ngemuva kokubethela idatha, umsebenzisi wekhompyutha unolwazi futhi imali ebonakalayo - ama-bitcoins amaningi kakhulu - ayadingeka ukuvula idatha ebetheliwe.

Imvamisa cishe akunakwenzeka ngabaphathi bekhompyutha ukubhala ngemfihlo idatha ebethelwe ngeRhlengware. Ukubethela okuhlukunyezwa ngabathuthukisi beRhlengware kuvikeleke kakhulu kangangokuba kuthatha iminyaka ukuvula ifayili elilodwa. 

I-Rhlengware isatshalaliswa ku-inthanethi ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Siyazi ukuthi iRhlengware ihlanganiswe ngesoftware yamahhala (njenge-adware). Kodwa-ke, iRhlengware isetshenziswa futhi ekuhlaselweni okuthile okukhomba kuphela umuntu noma inkampani. 

Uhlelo lwe-antivirus lungavimbela i-malware eningi. Akukhathalekile ukuthi ngabe uhlelo lwamahhala lwe-antivirus noma olukhokhelwayo. Ngohlelo lwe-antivirus olukhokhelwayo uvame ukuthola ukwesekwa kusuka kunjiniyela wesoftware yegciwane.